In a far away land, where Truffula Trees once grew in abundance, the Once-ler lives a hermit’s life. For a small fee he will whisper his story into a curious ear. He will tell about the once great Truffula forest. He will describe the Lorax, who spoke for the trees. He will confess his part in the destruction of the environment and explain why there are no Truffula Trees anymore. Dr. Seuss’ classic poem The Lorax pleads for conservation and protection of natural resources, cleverly reaching out to children in verse and illustration, teaching by parable.
The moon shines in the first illustrations showing a desolate, empty land where very little grows. This is a land bereft of trees, water, and any living creatures. Legend has it that long ago the Lorax stood here in defense of the environment for as long as possible. The narrator introduces the Once-ler, who knows the legend and will share it. The Once-ler never appears in the illustrations, giving him the mysterious quality of the monster under the bed or Santa Claus.
The Once-ler first establishes his credibility. He saw the destruction of the Truffula forest, and can give an eyewitness account of the true story. He demands a small fee before he will tell his story—fifteen cents, a nail and the shell of a great-great-great-grandfather snail. Charging for the tale ensures that only those ready to listen and inclined to believe will hear the tale. The Once-ler calls by Whisper-ma-Phone, forcing the listener to pay close attention to hear the Once-ler’s voice.
The Once-ler’s story is a first person account of the great Truffula Trees. He describes a time when the pond was full and the clouds were clean, implying that neither of those things are true any longer. The illustrations add to the descriptions of the forest, showing colorful trees and fantastical creatures in a landscape any child would want to visit. Vaguely humanoid Barbaloots play under the trees, happy and carefree. The story and illustrations appeal to a child’s natural desire for ready snacks, bright colors, and supervision-free play.
Thneeds require soft, fluffy material like the Truffula tufts, and the Once-ler calls in his family to open a Thneed factory. After the first tree falls, the Lorax appears to speak for the trees. The Lorax looks at the Thneed and declares no one will ever want to buy such a thing, but a customer quickly proves the Lorax wrong. Sputtering with rage, the Lorax pleads with the Once-ler to spare the Truffula Trees. As the forest falls to the Thneed factory the Lorax appears repeatedly, showing the Once-ler the habitat destruction and air and water pollution caused by his factory. Pollution causes certain damage; the results are empirically obvious. The illustrations also tug on the tender emotions of children, showing sad faces and slumped shoulders as Barbaloots, birds and fish leave the area in search of healthier environments.
When the last Truffula Tree falls the Lorax departs, leaving one word on a stone, “UNLESS.” The Once-ler finally understands what has been destroyed and sits in his home with boarded up windows, worrying about how to right his great wrong. As he whispers his story the meaning of the word becomes clear. “UNLESS someone like you cares a whole awful lot, nothing is going to get better. It’s not.” The Once-ler whispers to a little boy, the only human in the book and someone children can relate to. The Once-ler passes the last Truffula Seed to the boy, asking him to plant and care for the seed. The child has the task of replacing the Truffula forest one tree at a time.
Dr. Seuss’ audience of children has the power to change the world. They may inherit a world full of problems and ugliness. The Lorax gives them hope and suggests one possible solution to the problem of deforestation and habitat destruction. In logic and emotion a child can understand and in the authoritative voice of the Once-ler, Dr. Seuss stresses the importance of preserving the natural world and taking care of the resources we have, even if it means factories must cease production of Thneeds.